<!DOCTYPE html>
<html class="client-nojs vector-feature-night-mode-disabled vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-sticky-header-enabled" lang="en" dir="ltr"><head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Algonquian–Basque pidgin</title>
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Algonquian%E2%80%93Basque_pidgin"> <link href="./mw/ext.cite.styles.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css">
<link href="./mw/skins.vector.icons.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css">
<link href="./mw/skins.vector.search.codex.styles.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css">
<link href="./mw/skins.vector.styles.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css">
<link href="./mw/user.styles.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css">
<meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content="">
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="./mw/site.styles.css">
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="./mw/noscript.css">
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="./footer.css">
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="./vector-2022.css">
</head>
<body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-Algonquian–Basque_pidgin rootpage-Algonquian–Basque_pidgin skin-vector-2022 action-view">
<div class="mw-page-container">
<div class="mw-page-container-inner">
<div class="mw-content-container">
<main id="content" class="mw-body">
<header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar">
<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">
<span id="openzim-page-title" class="mw-page-title-main"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Algonquian–Basque pidgin</span></span>
</h1>
</header>
<a id="top"></a>
<div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body ve-init-mw-desktopArticleTarget-targetContainer" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container="">
<div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr">
<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">
/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */
.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}
/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */
</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="Belle_Isle_Pidgin" class="mw-redirect" title="Belle Isle Pidgin">Belle Isle Pidgin</a>.</div>
<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1305433154">
/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */
.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}
/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */
</style>
<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1295905060">
/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */
.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}
/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */
</style><table class="infobox vevent infobox-has-images-with-white-backgrounds"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above above" style="font-size:125%; color: black; background-color: tan;">Algonquian–Basque pidgin</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="font-size:110%; color: black; background-color: tan;">Souriquois</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Region</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="Gulf_of_St._Lawrence" title="Gulf of St. Lawrence">Gulf of St. Lawrence</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Ethnicity</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="Basques" title="Basques">Basques</a>, local <a href="Algonquian_peoples" title="Algonquian peoples">Algonquian peoples</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Era</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">16th to 18th century<sup id="cite_ref-Bakker_1989_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bakker_1989-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><span class="wrap"><a href="Language_family" title="Language family">Language family</a></span></div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><div style="text-align:left;">Basque-based <a href="Pidgin" title="Pidgin">pidgin</a></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: black; background-color: tan;">Language codes</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="ISO_639-3" title="ISO 639-3">ISO 639-3</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><i>None</i> (<code>mis</code>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="Linguist_List" title="Linguist List">Linguist List</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><code><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200101010101/http://multitree.org/codes/qba">qba</a></code></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><i><a href="Glottolog" title="Glottolog">Glottolog</a></i></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><code><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/basq1252">basq1252</a></code></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><div style="text-align:left;">Basque and Breton fishing sites in 16th and 17th centuries.</div></td></tr></tbody></table><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236303919">
/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */
@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-has-images-with-white-backgrounds img{background:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-has-images-with-white-backgrounds img{background:white}}
/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */
</style>
<p><b>Algonquian–Basque pidgin</b>, also known as <b>Souriquois</b>,<sup id="cite_ref-Mithun_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mithun-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is a <a href="Basque_language" title="Basque language">Basque</a>-based <a href="Pidgin" title="Pidgin">pidgin</a> proposed by linguist Peter Bakker to have been spoken by <a href="Basques" title="Basques">Basque</a> whalers and various <a href="Algonquian_peoples" title="Algonquian peoples">Algonquian peoples</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Bakker_1989_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bakker_1989-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was spoken around the <a href="Gulf_of_St._Lawrence" title="Gulf of St. Lawrence">Gulf of Saint Lawrence</a>. It was in use from at least 1580 until 1635,<sup id="cite_ref-Mithun_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mithun-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and was last attested in 1711.<sup id="cite_ref-Bakker_1989_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bakker_1989-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>There were three groups of <a href="First_Nations_in_Canada" title="First Nations in Canada">First Nations</a> that the Basque people distinguished. The ones with which they had good relations were the <a href="Innu" title="Innu">Montagnais</a> and the <a href="St._Lawrence_Iroquoians" title="St. Lawrence Iroquoians">St. Lawrence Iroquoians</a>. They also knew of the <a href="Inuit" title="Inuit">Inuit</a>, whom they considered hostile. The Basque people referred to them as the Montaneses, the Canaleses, and the Esquimoas, respectively.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>
<meta property="mw:PageProp/toc">
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Vocabulary">Vocabulary</h2></div>
<table style="width:400px;" class="wikitable">
<tbody><tr>
<th>Pidgin
</th>
<th>Original language
</th>
<th>English translation
</th></tr>
<tr>
<td><span title="Creoles and pidgins-language text"><i lang="crp-CA">Normandia</i></span>
</td>
<td><span title="Basque-language text"><i lang="eu">Normandia</i></span> (<a href="Basque_language" title="Basque language">Basque</a>), '<a href="Normandy" title="Normandy">Normandy</a>'
</td>
<td>French
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><span title="Creoles and pidgins-language text"><i lang="crp-CA">kir</i></span>
</td>
<td><span title="Mi'kmaq-language text"><i lang="mic">kir</i></span> (<a href="Mi'kmaq_language" title="Mi'kmaq language">Mi'kmaq</a>)
</td>
<td>you
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><span title="Creoles and pidgins-language text"><i lang="crp-CA">ania</i></span>
</td>
<td><span title="Basque-language text"><i lang="eu">anaia</i></span> (Basque)
</td>
<td>brother
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><span title="Creoles and pidgins-language text"><i lang="crp-CA">capitana</i></span>
</td>
<td><span title="Basque-language text"><i lang="eu">capitaina</i></span> (Basque), <span title="Basque-language text"><i lang="eu">kapitaina</i></span> in <a href="Standard_Basque" title="Standard Basque">Standard Basque</a>
</td>
<td>captain
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><span title="Creoles and pidgins-language text"><i lang="crp-CA">endia</i></span>
</td>
<td><span title="Basque-language text"><i lang="eu">andia</i></span> (Basque), <span title="Basque-language text"><i lang="eu">handia</i></span> in Standard Basque
</td>
<td>large
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><span title="Creoles and pidgins-language text"><i lang="crp-CA">chave</i></span>
</td>
<td><span title="Romance languages collective text"><i lang="roa">chave</i></span> (<a href="Romance_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Romance language">Romance</a>)
</td>
<td>know
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><span title="Creoles and pidgins-language text"><i lang="crp-CA">ouias</i></span>
</td>
<td><span title="Creoles and pidgins-language text"><i lang="crp-CA">wiya:s</i></span> (<a href="Innu-aimun" class="mw-redirect" title="Innu-aimun">Innu-aimun</a>)
</td>
<td>meat
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><span title="Creoles and pidgins-language text"><i lang="crp-CA">amiscou</i></span>
</td>
<td><span title="Creoles and pidgins-language text"><i lang="crp-CA">amisku</i></span> (<a href="Innu-aimun" class="mw-redirect" title="Innu-aimun">Innu-aimun</a>)
</td>
<td>beaver
</td></tr></tbody></table>
<p><sup id="cite_ref-Mithun_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mithun-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div>
<ul><li><a href="Basque%E2%80%93Icelandic_pidgin" title="Basque–Icelandic pidgin">Basque–Icelandic pidgin</a></li></ul>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>
<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">
/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */
.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}
/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */
</style><div class="reflist">
<div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references">
<li id="cite_note-Bakker_1989-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Bakker_1989_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bakker_1989_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bakker_1989_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">
/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */
.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("./mw/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("./mw/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("./mw/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("./mw/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}
/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */
</style><cite id="CITEREFBakker1989" class="citation journal cs1">Bakker, Peter (Fall–Winter 1989). ""The Language of the Coast Tribes is Half Basque": A Basque-American Indian Pidgin in Use between Europeans and Native Americans in North America, ca. 1540-ca. 1640". <i>Anthropological Linguistics</i>. <b>31</b> (3/4). Trustees of Indiana University: <span class="nowrap">117–</span>147. <a href="JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/30027995">30027995</a>.</cite></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-Mithun-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Mithun_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Mithun_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Mithun_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFMithun2001" class="citation book cs1">Mithun, Marianne (7 June 2001). <i>The Languages of Native North America</i>. Cambridge University Press. p. VII. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>9781107392809</bdi>.</cite></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120929214838/http://www.museevirtuel-virtualmuseum.ca/sgc-cms/expositions-exhibitions/echo/html/e-echos-0702.html">"Echoes from the Past"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.museevirtuel-virtualmuseum.ca/sgc-cms/expositions-exhibitions/echo/html/e-echos-0702.html">the original</a> on 2012-09-29<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2012-07-06</span></span>.</cite></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFGray2000" class="citation book cs1">Gray, Edward (2000). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/languageencounte00gray"><i>The Language Encounter in the Americas, 1492-1800</i></a></span>. Berghahn Books. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/languageencounte00gray/page/342">342</a>. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>9781571812100</bdi>. <q>The Language Encounter in the Americas, 1492-1800: A Collection of Essays.</q></cite></span>
</li>
</ol></div></div>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2></div>
<ul><li><a href="Koldo_Mitxelena" title="Koldo Mitxelena">Koldo Mitxelena</a> (1984): "<i>Lingüística inmanente y lingüística trascendente</i>", "Julio Urquijo" Euskal Filologiaren Seminoarioaren Urtekaria, 18, 251–266. orr, <a href="Donostia" class="mw-redirect" title="Donostia">Donostia</a>, Gipuzkoako Foru Aldundia.</li></ul>
<div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">
/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */
.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}
/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */
</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">
/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */
.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}
/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */
</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Languages_of_Canada269" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">
/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */
.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}
/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */
</style><div id="Languages_of_Canada269" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Languages_of_Canada" title="Languages of Canada">Languages of Canada</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Official languages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Canadian_English" title="Canadian English">English</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Black_Canadians#Language" title="Black Canadians">Black</a>
<ul><li><a href="African-American_English#African_Nova_Scotian_English" title="African-American English">Afro-Nova Scotian</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="Pacific_Northwest_English" title="Pacific Northwest English">Cascadian</a></li>
<li><a href="Franglais" title="Franglais">Franglais</a>
<ul><li><a href="Chiac" title="Chiac">Chiac</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="Aboriginal_English_in_Canada" class="mw-redirect" title="Aboriginal English in Canada">Indigenous</a></li>
<li><a href="Lunenburg_English" title="Lunenburg English">Lunenburg</a></li>
<li><a href="Atlantic_Canadian_English" title="Atlantic Canadian English">Maritime</a></li>
<li><a href="Newfoundland_English" title="Newfoundland English">Newfoundland</a></li>
<li><a href="Ottawa_Valley_Twang" class="mw-redirect" title="Ottawa Valley Twang">Ottawa Valley</a></li>
<li><a href="Quebec_English" title="Quebec English">Québec</a></li>
<li><a href="Toronto_slang" title="Toronto slang">Toronto</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="French_language_in_Canada" title="French language in Canada">French</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Acadian_French" title="Acadian French">Acadian</a></li>
<li><a href="Brayon" title="Brayon">Brayon</a></li>
<li><a href="Chaouin" class="mw-redirect" title="Chaouin">Chaouin</a></li>
<li><a href="Franglais" title="Franglais">Franglais</a>
<ul><li><a href="Chiac" title="Chiac">Chiac</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="Joual" title="Joual">Joual</a></li>
<li><a href="Magoua_dialect" class="mw-redirect" title="Magoua dialect">Magoua</a></li>
<li><a href="M%C3%A9tis_French" title="Métis French">Métis</a></li>
<li><a href="Newfoundland_French" title="Newfoundland French">Newfoundland</a></li>
<li><a href="Franco-Ontarian" class="mw-redirect" title="Franco-Ontarian">Ontarois</a></li>
<li><a href="Qu%C3%A9bec_French" class="mw-redirect" title="Québec French">Québec</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Indigenous languages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Algonquian_languages" title="Algonquian languages">Algonquian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Abenaki_language" title="Abenaki language">Abenaki</a></li>
<li><a href="Algonquin_language" title="Algonquin language">Algonquin</a></li>
<li><a href="Blackfoot_language" title="Blackfoot language">Blackfoot</a></li>
<li><a href="Cree_language" title="Cree language">Cree</a></li>
<li><a href="Innu_language" title="Innu language">Innu</a></li>
<li><a href="Malecite-Passamaquoddy_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Malecite-Passamaquoddy language">Malecite-Passamaquoddy</a></li>
<li><a href="Mi%EA%9E%8Ckmaq_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Miꞌkmaq language">Miꞌkmaq</a></li>
<li><a href="Munsee_language" title="Munsee language">Munsee</a></li>
<li><a href="Naskapi_language" title="Naskapi language">Naskapi</a></li>
<li><a href="Ojibwe_language" title="Ojibwe language">Ojibwe</a></li>
<li><a href="Ottawa_dialect" title="Ottawa dialect">Ottawa</a></li>
<li><a href="Potawatomi_language" title="Potawatomi language">Potawatomi</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Inuit_languages" title="Inuit languages">Inuit</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Inuinnaqtun" title="Inuinnaqtun">Inuinnaqtun</a></li>
<li><a href="Inuktitut" title="Inuktitut">Inuktitut</a></li>
<li><a href="Inupiat_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Inupiat language">Inupiaq</a></li>
<li><a href="Inuvialuktun" title="Inuvialuktun">Inuvialuktun</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Iroquoian_languages" title="Iroquoian languages">Iroquoian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Cayuga_language" title="Cayuga language">Cayuga</a></li>
<li><a href="Mohawk_language" title="Mohawk language">Mohawk</a></li>
<li><a href="Oneida_language" title="Oneida language">Oneida</a></li>
<li><a href="Onondaga_language" title="Onondaga language">Onondaga</a></li>
<li><a href="Seneca_language" title="Seneca language">Seneca</a></li>
<li><a href="Tuscarora_language" title="Tuscarora language">Tuscarora</a><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr></li>
<li><a href="Wyandot_language" title="Wyandot language">Wyandot</a><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Na-Dene_languages" title="Na-Dene languages">Na-Dene</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Babine-Witsuwit%CA%BCen_language" title="Babine-Witsuwitʼen language">Babine-Witsuwitʼen</a></li>
<li><a href="Carrier_language" title="Carrier language">Carrier</a></li>
<li><a href="Tsilhqot%CA%BCin_language" title="Tsilhqotʼin language">Chilcotin</a></li>
<li><a href="Chipewyan_language" title="Chipewyan language">Chipewyan</a></li>
<li><a href="Dogrib_language" title="Dogrib language">Dogrib</a></li>
<li><a href="Gwich%CA%BCin_language" title="Gwichʼin language">Gwichʼin</a></li>
<li><a href="H%C3%A4n_language" title="Hän language">Hän</a></li>
<li><a href="Kaska_language" title="Kaska language">Kaska</a></li>
<li><a href="Nicola_language" title="Nicola language">Nicola</a><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr></li>
<li><a href="Sekani_language" title="Sekani language">Sekani</a></li>
<li><a href="Slavey_language" title="Slavey language">Slavey</a></li>
<li><a href="Tagish_language" title="Tagish language">Tagish</a><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr></li>
<li><a href="Tahltan_language" title="Tahltan language">Tahltan</a></li>
<li><a href="Tlingit_language" title="Tlingit language">Tlingit</a></li>
<li><a href="Tsetsaut_language" title="Tsetsaut language">Tsetsaut</a><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr></li>
<li><a href="Tsuut%CA%BCina_language" title="Tsuutʼina language">Tsuutʼina</a></li>
<li><a href="Tutchone_language" title="Tutchone language">Tutchone</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Salishan_languages" title="Salishan languages">Salishan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Bella_Coola_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Bella Coola language">Bella Coola</a></li>
<li><a href="Comox_language" title="Comox language">Comox</a></li>
<li><a href="Halkomelem" title="Halkomelem">Halkomelem</a></li>
<li><a href="Lillooet_language" title="Lillooet language">Lillooet</a></li>
<li><a href="Okanagan_language" title="Okanagan language">Okanagan</a></li>
<li><a href="Pentlatch_language" title="Pentlatch language">Pentlatch</a><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr></li>
<li><a href="Saanich_dialect" title="Saanich dialect">Saanich</a></li>
<li><a href="Sh%C3%ADsh%C3%A1lh_language" title="Shíshálh language">Shíshálh</a></li>
<li><a href="Shuswap_language" title="Shuswap language">Shuswap</a></li>
<li><a href="Squamish_language" title="Squamish language">Squamish</a></li>
<li><a href="Thompson_language" title="Thompson language">Thompson</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Siouan_languages" title="Siouan languages">Siouan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Stoney_language" title="Stoney language">Stoney</a></li>
<li><a href="Sioux_language" title="Sioux language">Sioux</a></li>
<li><a href="Assiniboine_language" title="Assiniboine language">Assiniboine</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Tsimshianic_languages" title="Tsimshianic languages">Tsimshian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Coast_Tsimshian_dialect" title="Coast Tsimshian dialect">Coast</a></li>
<li><a href="Gitxsan_language" title="Gitxsan language">Gitxsan</a></li>
<li><a href="Nisga'a_language" title="Nisga'a language">Nisga'a</a></li>
<li><a href="Southern_Tsimshian_dialect" title="Southern Tsimshian dialect">Southern</a><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Wakashan_languages" title="Wakashan languages">Wakashan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Ditidaht_language" title="Ditidaht language">Ditidaht</a></li>
<li><a href="Haisla_language" title="Haisla language">Haisla</a></li>
<li><a href="Heiltsuk%E2%80%93Oowekyala_language" title="Heiltsuk–Oowekyala language">Heiltsuk-Oowekyala</a></li>
<li><a href="Kwak%CA%BCwala" title="Kwakʼwala">Kwakʼwala</a></li>
<li><a href="Nuu-chah-nulth_language" title="Nuu-chah-nulth language">Nuu-chah-nulth</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Beothuk_language" title="Beothuk language">Beothuk</a><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr></li>
<li><a href="Haida_language" title="Haida language">Haida</a></li>
<li><a href="Kutenai_language" title="Kutenai language">Kutenai</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pidgins, creoles and mixed</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul>
<li><a href="Broken_Slavey" class="mw-redirect" title="Broken Slavey">Broken Slavey</a></li>
<li><a href="Bungi_Creole" class="mw-redirect" title="Bungi Creole">Bungee</a></li>
<li><a href="Chinook_Jargon" title="Chinook Jargon">Chinook Jargon</a></li>
<li><a href="Labrador_Inuit_Pidgin_French" title="Labrador Inuit Pidgin French">Labrador Inuit Pidgin French</a></li>
<li><a href="Michif" title="Michif">Michif</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Minority languages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Canadian_Gaelic" title="Canadian Gaelic">Canadian Gaelic</a></li>
<li><a href="Irish_language_in_Newfoundland" title="Irish language in Newfoundland">Newfoundland Irish</a></li>
<li><a href="Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Spanish</a></li>
<li><a href="Portuguese_language" title="Portuguese language">Portuguese</a></li>
<li><a href="Italian_language" title="Italian language">Italian</a></li>
<li><a href="German_language" title="German language">German</a>
<ul><li><a href="Pennsylvania_Dutch_language" title="Pennsylvania Dutch language">Pennsylvania</a></li>
<li><a href="Hutterite_German" title="Hutterite German">Hutterite</a></li>
<li><a href="Plautdietsch" title="Plautdietsch">Plautdietsch</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="Polish_language" title="Polish language">Polish</a></li>
<li><a href="Canadian_Ukrainian" title="Canadian Ukrainian">Ukrainian</a></li>
<li><a href="Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a>
<ul><li><a href="Doukhobor_Russian" title="Doukhobor Russian">Doukhobor</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="Arabic" title="Arabic">Arabic</a></li>
<li><a href="Persian_language" title="Persian language">Persian</a></li>
<li><a href="Hindustani_language" title="Hindustani language">Hindustani</a></li>
<li><a href="Punjabi_language" title="Punjabi language">Punjabi</a></li>
<li><a href="Tamil_language" title="Tamil language">Tamil</a></li>
<li><a href="Mandarin_Chinese" title="Mandarin Chinese">Mandarin</a></li>
<li><a href="Cantonese" title="Cantonese">Cantonese</a></li>
<li><a href="Korean_language" title="Korean language">Korean</a></li>
<li><a href="Vietnamese_language" title="Vietnamese language">Vietnamese</a></li>
<li><a href="Tagalog_language" title="Tagalog language">Tagalog</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sign languages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="American_Sign_Language" title="American Sign Language">American Sign Language</a>
<ul><li><a href="Black_American_Sign_Language" title="Black American Sign Language">Black American Sign Language</a></li>
<li><a href="Protactile" title="Protactile">Protactile</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="Plains_Indian_Sign_Language" title="Plains Indian Sign Language">Hand Talk</a>
<ul><li>Coast Salish Sign Language</li>
<li><a href="Oneida_Sign_Language" title="Oneida Sign Language">Oneida Sign Language</a></li>
<li><a href="Plateau_Sign_Language" title="Plateau Sign Language">Plateau Sign Language</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="Inuit_Sign_Language" title="Inuit Sign Language">Inuit Sign Language</a></li>
<li><a href="Maritime_Sign_Language" title="Maritime Sign Language">Maritime Sign Language</a></li>
<li><a href="Quebec_Sign_Language" title="Quebec Sign Language">Quebec Sign Language</a></li>
<li>Sawmill Sign Language</li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><b><a href="Bibliography_of_Canada#Canadian_style_guides" title="Bibliography of Canada">Canadian style guides</a> - <a href="List_of_Canadian_English_dictionaries" title="List of Canadian English dictionaries">Canadian dictionaries </a></b></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><!--htdig_noindex--><div><div class="zim-footer">
This article is issued from <a class="external text" title="Last edited on 2025-03-22" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/?title=Algonquian%E2%80%93Basque_pidgin&oldid=1281780189">Wikipedia</a>. The text is available under <a class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0</a> unless otherwise noted. Additional terms may apply for the media files.
</div>
</div><!--/htdig_noindex--></div>
</div>
</main>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</body></html>